Bio living earth
1980 – Thomas Lovejoy introduced the term biological diversity to the scientific community in a book.1974 – The term natural diversity was introduced by John Terborgh.Arthur Harris in "The Variable Desert," Scientific American: "The bare statement that the region contains a flora rich in genera and species and of diverse geographic origin or affinity is entirely inadequate as a description of its real biological diversity." 1916 – The term biological diversity was used first by J.
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12.3.1 Steps to conserve the forest cover.11.1 Protection and restoration techniques.9.4 Hybridization, genetic pollution/erosion and food security.
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Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86% have not yet been described. More than 99.9% of all species that ever lived on Earth, amounting to over five billion species, are estimated to be extinct. Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. It encompasses the evolutionary, ecological, and cultural processes that sustain life. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time, but will be likely to slow in the future as a primary result of deforestation.
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There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Marine biodiversity is usually higher along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest, and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. These tropical forest ecosystems cover less than 10% of earth's surface and contain about 90% of the world's species. īiodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth, it is usually greater in the tropics as a result of the warm climate and high primary productivity in the region near the equator. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic ( genetic variability), species ( species diversity), and ecosystem ( ecosystem diversity) level. In this photo, there are also leaf lichens and mosses.īiodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. A sampling of fungi collected during summer 2008 in Northern Saskatchewan mixed woods, near LaRonge, is an example regarding the species diversity of fungus.